Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba has become inhospitable for most of its citizens under the regime of Fidel Castro. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. With his homeland torn apart by violence and destruction, he and his family begin a long trek toward Europe. As Landau's hysteria increases, Josef slaps his father's face. Log in here. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Josef again shows his passage into adulthood, as he notices and worries about his mothers mental condition. His only distinguishing characteristics are big ears and wire-rimmed glasses. eNotes.com What can you learn about the people and the time period from these allusions? Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. Refugee (Alan Gratz) - Pages 74 - 109 Summary & Analysis Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. Mahmoud should not have to decide to give away his little sister to save her life, Josef should not have to slap his father to subdue him, and Isabel should not have to scramble to arrange gasoline for a boat to take her family away to possible safety. publication in traditional print. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Gratzs Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. According to history, most of the St. Louiss passengers had to return to Europe, denied asylum by Cuba and Europe. Thus, it would be a mistake to interpret Refugee as only a tale about extraordinary, heroic children. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. What are some ways we can all help. The second is the date of Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. The audio version provides an ideal (even mandatory) opportunity for libraries to share these resonating tales with readers reluctant to pick up the page. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmouds strands begin to converge. At another level, however, water represents change, which many of the main characters have to undergo either to survive or to redeem themselves. Contact us Powerful and compelling. Josefs father is convinced there is a trap, so Josef and his mother go without him. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. Not only does Isabel rescue her father from arrest, she also sells her beloved trumpet to enable the family to buy gasoline to power the boat her neighbors, the Castillos, have been secretly building. Josef wonders what this means for (read more from the Pages 74 - 109 Summary). on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% This Study Guide consists of approximately 70pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - He and his family try to escape to Cuba on the. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Refugee: Plot Overview | SparkNotes Subscribe now. (including. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. A biblical reference to Noahs ark as the sanctuary bridging creatures over troubled waters is implicit in the novels boat imagery. When the family finally gets to their promised boat, they find that it is merely a rubber raft. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. In one, Josef and his Jewish family flee Nazi Berlin in 1938. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. Ruta Sepetys, author of Between Shades of Gray. Refugee Characters - eNotes.com After it capsizes, it is another boat that gives Hana a chance at life, and it is a Greek Coast Guard boat that ultimately rescues Mahmouds family. Already a member? It is shabbos and time for Josefs Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. The second date is today's The way the content is organized, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. They take a train to board the St. Louis, where it feels like paradise compared to the treatment they received the last couple of years. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Teachers and parents! Review: Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. This is a fascinating tale. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Josef is loyal, compassionate, paternal, and selfless. The trip is initially joyous and hopeful. After a few weeks in Munich, Mahmouds family is transferred to a host family in Berlin. Josef's father grows anxious, and Josef fears the doctor will find his father mentally ill and turn the family away. The journey aboard the St. Louis from Hamburg to Havana is a sunny interlude in Josef and Ruths troubled childhood. Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. Josef, his family, and the passengers are now faced with the possibility of being returned to Germany and to their certain death. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. The Landaus disembark in France, which gives them some months of respite. What character traits are Josef's? | Refugee (Alan Gratz) Questions Get news and updates about the stuff Alan writes! Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Refugee (Gratz novel) - Wikipedia Josefs fathers jump into the sea symbolizes his desire to annihilate himself. Already a member? All are escaping persecution and seeking safety and freedom. The scale of the devastation in Syria is immense: Given its historical roots, why did Gratz write the novel as a work of fiction? You have successfully joined Alan's newsletter list! Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. Mahmoud; Waleed; their parents, Youssef and Fatima; and their baby sister, Hana, leave for Germany. Refugee Character Analysis | SuperSummary Mahmoud Bishara is a twelve-year-old boy who lives in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. After a riot in Havana, Isabels family decides that they should also leave Cuba immediately. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. The refugees are welcomed in Austria, and Mahmouds family takes a train to Germany. Josef Landau Character Analysis in Refugee | LitCharts Making their way past ISIS operatives, they get to Turkey by road, where a boat is to take them to Greece tomorrow. Again, like it was for the Landaus at the Cuban coast, that tomorrow is deferred, day after day and week after week, and the family is forced to take shelter in an abandoned Turkish mall. Josefs hope starts to waver following the discovery that the ship may not actually allow them to find a new life in Cuba. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. Active Themes Related Quotes with Explanations School Library Journal Audiobooks - STARRED REVIEW. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, members of the Brownshirts, the police force of Nazi Germany, invade Josefs house and take away his father, Aaron Landau. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. Struggling with distance learning? Refugee Josef, Chapter 37 - YouTube 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Alan Gratz is the bestselling author of a number of novels for young readers. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original When Josefs father is reunited with his family, they notice that Dachau has changed him: he is paranoid and very thin. Refine any search. Wed love to have you back! Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Refugee Book Review | Common Sense Media Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Isabels story starts with a riot. For the last few years, there has been a war in his country between the Syrian government, rebels, the Soviets, the United States and several other factions. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! What are the different settings of the novel and how does it affect and shape the characters? 20% Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. The summary is broken up into approximately 50-page blocks. In doing so, he is able to atone for a past crime: he is Mariano Padron, one of the police officers who kept the passengers of the St. Louis from disembarking in Cuba in 1939, and only after stalling them for days with the false promise of maana. Each child experiences traumatic losses and personal victories as they struggle to escape the political instability of their homelands. Officer Padron insists they had the right papers but the crowd gets mad insisting they also have the right papers. After the war ended, Ruth returned to Germany to look for Josef and Rachel, but learned that the two were killed in concentration camps. (including. Thus, the waters are deceptive for Josef, as is proved when the St. Louis is turned back from the Cuban shore. Refugee: Josef: Havana Harbor - 1939, 19 days (2) Summary - LitCharts However, despite the presence of kind adults like Captain Schroeder, the ship is also haunted by Nazi spies, like Otto Schiendick, who mistreat Jews. Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Comment on the use of imagery in "Games at Twilight.". On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. Josef Landau, from the book Refugee, is a 13 year old boy born into the life of World War 2. Josef's father suffers greatly from post traumatic stress disorder from his months of torture, starvation, and hard labor in the concentration camp. The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. What is the summary of refugee? All three young people will go on harrowing journeys in search of refuge. They walk to the ship and their father races inside, convinced the authorities will try to stop them. The Nazis labelling Aarons practice as a crime against the German people inherently detaches them from their own German culture. This summary should be accessible to high beginning or low intermediate ENL students. Free trial is available to new customers only. The Syrian Civil War is still ongoing as of 2021. Thus, the sea comes to represent death, chaos, and uncertainty at one level. Though Josef is devastated, he wonders if this is what becoming a man means - not relying on your father. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. Refugee Themes - eNotes.com They wash their hands and pray facing Mecca, praising God and reciting from the Qur'an. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. The Castillos have been secretly building a makeshift boat and the next day, they set out together for Miami. This heart-stopping novel is not only compelling it is necessary. The rest, like Josef and his mother, were largely sent to concentration camps after Germany invaded other European countries. Discount, Discount Code Refugee Characters. The boat the Castillos have cobbled together becomes the center of Isabels existence. His family decides to leave and trek to Germany. Captain Schroeder demonstrates how to change the ship's speed. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. 2023 . Even amongst people who have lost everything, they still have empathy toward this man who showed the same courtesy to a fellow Jewish person. Impossible odds and families in peril make for vivid and unrelenting suspense in these stories of flight and daring. Summary Plot Overview Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. Padron tells Josef and his mother that Landau has been sedated and is recovering in a Cuban hospital. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. What details do you notice that show that this story is not taking place in the United States? Eventually, the captain announces that they are not going to be allowed to dock in Havana and that the boat will be leaving. His selflessness is made evident when he sacrifices his own life for his sister's. Josef later dies in a concentration camp. They board the ship St. Louis, based on the actual ship that brought Jewish refugees to Cuba and then to the United States but was denied entry by both.That ship had to return the refugees to Europe, where they were split among four countries, and when those countries . What is a conflict in the book Refugee by Alan Gratz? Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Teachers may opt to lower the security if they want to allow sharing. It carried 937 Jewish refugees who were seeking freedom from Nazi persecution in Germany. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. They have come to arrest Josef's father: "Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of . All storyboards and images are private and secure. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. It is shabbos and time for Josef's Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. The novel follows the stories of three refugee children in three different geographic locations and points in time. Synopsis: Refugee is a historical fiction novel that features 3 stories in one ; Josef, a Jewish boy escaping Nazi Germany in the 1930s, Isabel, a Cuban girl escaping Castro's regime in 1994, and Mahmoud, a Syrian boy fleeing from the conflict in Syria in 2015. Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. Isabel Fernandezis escaping Castro's Cuba in 1994. These arent completely true stories, but these things do happen to real people, even today. After drifting off to the Bahamas, the Fernandez and Castillo families finally steer back on course to reach Florida, but not before Isabels mother delivers her baby brother in the boat. Just as when Isabel gave some of her paltry food to the cat, Gratz shows here how even the most destitute people can still give somethingthus, those with more than that should be able to provide any aid they can, too. Refugee Chapters 22-32 Summary & Analysis. Josef, his father, mother, and little sister Ruthie are all asleep when their home is invaded during Kristallnacht, the night when Nazi police and "Brownshirts" were directed to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues, and terrorize Jewish citizens all across Germany. | Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Interestingly, the stories are also tied together through the symbolism of water and boats. Trauma and. Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. Josefs father is taken to Havana to recover. In the back of the book, the author Alan Gratz offers ways that people can help refugees like Josef, Isabel, Mahmoud, and their families. The third story belongs to thirteen-year-old Mahmoud Bishara, who lives in war-torn Aleppo, Syria, against the backdrop of a crisis which continues into the present day. When Isabel is asked to play a song at her new school in America, she plays a Cuban salsa version of The Star-Spangled Banner.. This is thebeets in a brownieof kid lit. Josef; his mother, Rachel; and his sister, Ruth, leave for Hamburg, where they are to meet Aaron and sail to Cuba, which is said to be offering asylum to those fleeing Nazi Germany. Isabel Fernandez lives in Cuba in 1994. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, author of The Red Umbrella and A Thunderous Whisper. Chapter 13 Summary: "Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939" During the Atlantic crossing in 1939, Josef's bar mitzvah ceremony is about to take place. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Order our Refugee (Alan Gratz) Study Guide, teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). Isabel trades her trumpet to a fisherman for gasoline, paying her familys way onto Ivns familys boat. Refugee Book Summary and Activities | Refugee by Alan Glatz Out of these passengers, it was mostly those who found asylum in England who survived World War II. Aarons purported crime is that he is still practicing law when the Nazis have expressly forbidden the Jewish community from that profession. Isabels best friend and neighbor, Ivn, is building a small boat with his father so that his family can flee to America. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. When Officer Padron returns to the St. Louis, he is treated like a hero by the Jewish passengers. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. In large numbers, Cubans are protesting the regime of Fidel Castro, whose flawed policies they believe have led to the economic catastrophe. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: After a violent conflict between the rebels and the Syrian government, Mahmoud and his family walk to the Turkish border. Josefs father gets sent to a concentration camp. Writing of the Syrian crisis, he notes. Refugee Chapters 12-21 Summary & Analysis | SuperSummary The St. Louis could not save Josef, just as the Castillos boat could not save Ivn. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. March 4, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 What is the resolution for Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud inRefugee? date the date you are citing the material. Alan Gratzs novel Refugee (2017) illuminates the worldwide refugee crisis through the stories of three children fleeing possible death with their families in different times and places. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Refugee: Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (2) Summary & Analysis Fatima holds little Hana over her head, while Mahmoud keeps Fatima afloat. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. This is a fascinating tale. This section starts with Josefs perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, 8 days from home (74). What is the setting of "Games at Twilight" by Anita Desai? His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. However, the trouble begins when the ship docks in Havana harbor and the Cuban government does not allow the passengers to disembark. Instant PDF downloads. His father, Aaron, is taken away by the Nazis on Kristallnacht and is sent to the Dachau concentration camp. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. refugee by alan gratz chapter summary - TeachersPayTeachers How does each of the characters experience the feeling of fear inRefugeeby Alan Gratz? Meanwhile, the civil war in Syria still continues to precipitate one of the worst humanitarian crises in history. Josef: Train to Hamburg - 1939, 1 day Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis After school, Mahmoud, Waleed, and their mother, Fatima, do their usual afternoon prayer. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Isabel Fernandez is an eleven-year-old girl who lives just outside Havana in 1994. Refugee: Chapter Summaries | SparkNotes Their city of Aleppo is in ruins and the family decide that leaving Syria is their only option if they wish to survive. This is an engaging tale. Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. How did Josef die in refugee? - TimesMojo A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. Plus, our printable worksheets make it easy to take the fun offline. Refugee Analysis - eNotes.com How does the. Refugee Alan Gratz Study Guide Summary Plot Overview Chapter Summaries Summary Chapter Summaries Josef / Berlin, Germany-1938 Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Nazi Germany. Refugee by Alan Gratz is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. Refugee by Alan Gratz | Goodreads What are some ways that the characters were helped by the kindness and compassion of others? PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Margaret Neville, The King's English Bookstore, 2018 Sydney Taylor Book Award Winner for Older Readers, 2018 National Jewish Book Award Winner for Young Adults, New York Times Notable Middle Grade Childrens Book 2017, 2017 Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award Winner, 2018 Indies Choice/E.B. Forced to be an asylum-seeker himself, Lito finally understands the predicament of those on the ship. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Word Count: 1329. The passage of the two families is secured by Lito, who throws himself into the water to distract the US Coast Guard. He is of average height with brown hair and brown eyes. The two families face many challenges as they try to cross the Caribbean Sea to Florida. Refugee: Josef: Havana Harbor - 1939, 19 days (2) Summary & Analysis Next. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." In the end, these three stories are connected.