In Missouri, the state House of Representatives has approved a bill that would effectively give Republican Governor Mike Parson control of the St. Louis police There are other specific guidelines, for example, the killing of a police officer or firefighter is an automatic first-degree charge, and intent to kill more than one person is automatically a first-degree charge. Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg has been blasted for the citys high level of recidivism. You have successfully registered for the webinar. Murder in the second degree (Amendment effective October 1, 2017.). Murder in the second degree. Murder of unborn child", "18 PA Cons Stat 1102. AR Code 5-10-103. Crimes committed in a heat of passion are committed out of extreme rage or emotional distress. DE Code 633 Murder by abuse or neglect in the second degree; class B felony; 635 Murder in the second degree; class A felony. The methods of execution have varied, but the most common method since 1976 has been lethal injection. If a man shot his ex-wife in a furious rage because he discovered her cheating on him with another man, it would be a crime of passion is an example of crime of passion. 18 PA Cons Stat 2502(a). LA Rev Stat 30.1. he started to lose his touch with reality. Jessi was also interested in seeing his photos, so he sent her his photos from marine boot camp which was a long time ago. Access Arrest Records & Criminal Records. Jessi began to call him as Tommy. [84] Most such attacks fall under state laws; for instance, Scott Peterson was convicted of killing his unborn son as well as his wife under California's pre-existing fetal homicide law. A legal scholar writing in 1953 (by which time this level of division had been abolished) described this as the "all-time 'record'" for dividing murder into degrees. [95] Second-degree felonies are punishable by a maximum of 15 years' imprisonment ordinarily, a maximum of 30 years for a habitual felony offender, or 30 to 40 years for a violent career criminal. In Colorado, second degree assault is a crime of violence, meaning that the judge must sentence the defendant to a term of incarceration of at least the midpoint in, but not more than twice the maximum of, the presumptive range provided. It is an example of a crime of passion. "Life imprisonment" is a common penalty for first-degree murder, but its meaning varies widely. KS Stat 21-5402. OR Rev Stat 163.115 - Murder; affirmative defense to certain felony murders; sentence of life imprisonment required; minimum term. "Aggravated murder" defined. This is simple: the District of Columbia must be allowed to govern itself. GA Code 16-5-1. A number of states have passed "fetal homicide" laws, making killing of a fetus murder; the laws differ about the stage of development at which the fetus is protected. The concept of heat of passion involves analysing whether the offender was obscured or disturbed by a passion to the extent that a reasonable person would act on emotion rather than judgement. DC Code 222103. Cuneyt Dil. In Pennsylvania, first-degree murder encompasses premeditated murders, second-degree murder encompasses accomplice liability, and third-degree serves as a catch-all for other murders. By The Law Office of Brian Jones. First Degree Murder", "MN Stat 609.195. In Commonwealth v. Ludwig (2005), the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruled that this meant that conviction for the crime required the same element of malice as in any other third-degree murder. [9], If murder is committed within the borders of a state, that state has jurisdiction, and in a similar way, if the crime is committed in the District of Columbia, the D.C. Superior Court (the equivalent of a state court in the District) retains jurisdiction, though in some cases involving U.S. government property or personnel, the federal courts may have exclusive jurisdiction.[10]. [102][107], In Nevada, first-degree murder is the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought, either expressed or implied. [12], The first division of the general crime of murder into graded subcategories was enacted into the law of Pennsylvania in 1794. WV Code 61-2-1. This article is written by Michael Shriney from the Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology. (b) Criminal homicide is murder, capital murder, manslaughter, or criminally negligent homicide. I of ch. If you or someone you know has committed a crime of passion, get legal Many states in the United States followed suit in 1994. The claim that a crime was committed in the "heat of passion" such as assault or murder, is a defense that attacks the mens rea element of such a c Generally, there is a burden of production of exculpatory evidence in the legal defense of justification.In most countries, a homicide is justified when there is sufficient evidence to disprove (under the "beyond a reasonable doubt" standard For purposes of that section, "felony" is specifically defined as "engaging in or being an accomplice in the commission of, or an attempt to commit, or flight after committing, or attempting to commit robbery, rape, or deviate sexual intercourse by force or threat of force, arson, burglary or kidnapping. Consider reading the above if you want to know what does the crime of passion mean. Second degree murder. Second-degree murder. In the heat of passion, the person takes out their revolver and kills either one or both the involved parties, to death. At minimum, they will face a sentence of 25 years-to-life in prison, and thus must serve at least 25 years before being eligible for parole. You will be charged as a jane or john doe until verification of your name can be determined. Trust me the government has vays of making zem talk h It faced immediate criticism from Republicans, who have hammered Democrats as soft on crime in recent years. 19 % of LGBTQ population lives in states that do not require hate crime data collection. Web19%. Texas murder statute defines a crime of passion as: passion directly caused by and arising out of provocation by the individual killed or another acting with the The local ordinance's passage followed two decades of efforts to redo D.C.'s crime laws. KS Statutes 21-5401. It is, in essence, a crime of passion if the attacker murdered his ex-wife in a jealous rage because he caught her cheating on him. Following Nanavatis return from work, Sylvia changed her behaviour, becoming indifferent and unresponsive toward him. If a crime is not committed within any state, then federal jurisdiction is exclusive, for example vessels of the U.S. Navy or the U.S. A crime of passion occurs when a person commits a crime as a result of heartbreak or anger. Posted on March 2, 2023 by Constitutional Nobody. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. UN Women has urged states to review legal defences of passion and provocation, as well as other similar laws, to ensure that they do not lead to impunity in cases of violence against women, stating that such laws These defences should be stated clearly in laws that do not include or apply to crimes of honour, adultery, domestic assault, or murder. Nanavati, regularly left Bombay on his ship, leaving his wife and children at home. [11] In the United States there is no statute of limitations on the crime of murder. Montgomery was later charged for Brian Barretts murder and pleaded for guilty. [98][99] A first-degree murder involves one or more specific elements: Louisiana states homicide in the third-degree is manslaughter. The United States is unusual in actually performing executions,[5] with 34 states having performed executions since capital punishment was reinstated in 1976. Under it, murder is any killing committed purposely and knowingly, manslaughter is any killing committed as a result of recklessness, and negligent homicide is any killing resulting from negligence. In Michigan, the top penalty the perpetrator can receive is life imprisonment. PW. | Powered by, Crime of passion : causes, examples and case laws, Free Online (Live only) 3-Day Bootcamp On, Weekly Competition Week 1 December 2019, Weekly Competition Week 2 December 2019, Weekly Competition Week 3 December 2019, Weekly Competition Week 4 December 2019, Weekly Competition Week 1 November 2019, Weekly Competition Week 2 November 2019, Weekly Competition Week 3 November 2019, Weekly Competition Week 4 November 2019, Weekly Competition Week 2 October 2019, Weekly Competition Week 3 October 2019, Weekly Competition Week 4 October 2019, Weekly Competition Week 3 September 2019, Weekly Competition Week 4 September 2019, States with highest rate of crimes of passion, Some signs can indicate a tendency for crimes of passion, Difference between crimes of passion and premeditated crimes, K.M. HI Rev Stat 707-701. But now it is classified as a type of second-degree murder crime in Colorado. Five states Arkansas, Indiana, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming do not have anti-hate crime laws. Classification. The defense is usually raised in murder or Murder in the first degree Purposeful killing; killing while perpetrating certain crimes; 222102. First and second degree murder defined; punishment. I focus on four. In the heat of the agony, He drove immediately to his ship, took his semi-automatic revolver and six bullets, and kept them in his brown packet on the false pretax. WebA "crime of passion" or a "heat of passion crime" describes an intensely emotional state of mind induced by a type of provocation that would cause a reasonable person to act on impulse or without reflection.In some states, killing another person in the heat of passion can reduce a murder charge to manslaughter. In Mississippi, the state House has approved a measure to create a new This frequently occurs in murder or attempted murder cases, when a spouse or a lover discovers his or her beloved having sexual relations with someone else and shoots or stabs one or both the coupled pair. WA Rev Code 9A.32.030. Otherwise, it is considered a Class 4 felony. In the case of a crime of passion, courts usually reduce the sentence that they give, from murder to manslaughter. They began dating and exchanged gifts, phone calls, and love letters. Murder in the first degree. Murder in the third degree", "Drug dealers charged with murder in Twin Cities heroin overdose deaths; As heroin deaths hit record highs across the Twin Cities, angry prosecutors are more likely to file third-degree murder charges against dealers", "Murder charges in Minn. overdose cases on the rise", "Fetal Homicide: Woman or Fetus as Victim? HI Rev Stat 707-701.5. [102][104] Up until the early 2000s, prosecutions under that provision were rare, but they began to rise in the 2010s. NC Gen Stat 14-23.2. [1], Sentencing also varies widely depending upon the specific murder charge. It faced immediate criticism from Republicans, who have hammered When a murder is carried out in the heat of passion, it lacks premeditation and is performed voluntarily, making it voluntary manslaughter. VA Code 18.2-31. After killing his wifes lover, Philip Barton Key, a U.S. A murder defense in the heat of passion or sudden quarrel defense can reduce a murder charge to a voluntary manslaughter charge. SD Codified Laws 22-16-4. MT Code 45-5-102 (2017). This is called felony murder. The murder must be premeditated. WebThe FBI defines hate crimes as criminal offense [s] against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by a persons bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity. [1] On this page, find links to articles, awards, events, publications, and multimedia related to hate crimes. It does not eliminate or reduce specific punishments related to the case. In particular, the offender must not only have been sufficiently aroused into a fit of anger, but the killing must also have occurred in reaction to the provocation. [105], Minnesota law also defines the crime of third-degree murder of an unborn child, with the same elements of depraved mind and lack of intent to kill distinguishing it from first- or second-degree murder of an unborn child. He, too, went to Jessis house and shot Brian dead with three shots from a military rifle in the parking lot of Jessis house. OK Stat 21-701.7. WebIn the remainder of this chapter, I usually refer to bias crime laws, but the reader should understand that some statutory schemes may indeed require proof of a hateful animus. It first came from Washington in 1993 where it was passed. He entered a teen chat group posing as a young, attractive Iraq-bound Marine and played the popular game Pogo. He pretended to be an 18-year-old kid when a girl called Talhotblond on her account started instant-messaging him. Webact by a sudden heat of passion caused by provocation recognized by law, and before there had been a reasonable time for the passion to cool and for reason to reassert itself. TN Code 39-13-202. [100], In Michigan, a person is found guilty of first-degree murder when murder is perpetrated by means of poison, lying in wait, or any other willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing. [15] The definitions were as follows: In the 1884 Compiled Laws of New Mexico, third-degree murder included assisting a suicide ( 696), killing of an unborn child by injury to the mother ( 697), administration of abortifacient causing death of an unborn child or its mother ( 698), unintentional killing of a human being in the heat of passion in a cruel or unusual manner ( 699), and unintentional death caused by an intoxicated physician ( 701). WebAlabama Crimes: Laws & Penalties Alaska Crimes: Laws & Penalties Arizona Crimes: Laws & Penalties Arkansas Crimes: Laws & Penalties California Crimes: Laws & Penalties Colorado Crimes: Laws & Penalties Connecticut Crimes: Laws & Penalties Delaware Crimes: Laws & Penalties District of Columbia Crimes: Laws & Penalties Prem Ahuja is a 34-year-old guy who was single at the time of his death. In general, Pennsylvania courts have ruled that the standard of "malice" required for a conviction of third-degree murder is the same as that required for aggravated assault: not just "ordinary negligence" nor "mere recklessness", but "a higher degree of culpability, i.e., that which considers and then disregards the threat necessarily posed to human life by the offending conduct". [124] However, in October 2018, the Washington State Supreme Court ruled that execution could no longer be used as a penalty for any crime. WebThe concept of the crime passionnel is most closely associated with France, in which it used to be a defense in murder cases, specifically the murder of a spouse -- it is essentially a Extreme violence on the defendant, for example, or the unexpected disclosure of spousal cheating, has generally been considered enough provocation. GU Code 16.30. DE Code 634 Murder by abuse or neglect in the first degree; class A felony; 636 Murder in the first degree; class A felony. The incident took place in their Delhi residence. Please Check Website Terms of Use! [91], If a gun was used during the murder, the punishment will include an additional 10, 20, or 25 years to life prison sentence. arrangement has been made a general five-year statute of limitations covers all other federal crimes.11 Some of the exceptions to the general rule identify longer periods for particular crimes.12 Others suspend or extend the applicable period under certain circumstances such as the flight of the accused,13 14or during time of war. Senior U.S. District Judge Roger Benitez, a George W. Bush appointee who previously made waves comparing an AR-15 to a Swiss Army Knife when overturning The Nanavati case of 1962 was the first in India to involve a crime of passion. It is also referred to as the Law of Texas, since jurors in that state are said to be tolerant of wronged lovers who seek their own punishment. Crimes in India from 2010-2020 statistics: In India, the states with the highest rates of crime of passion in 2020 are shown below. A judicial conduct investigation has launched in the Ninth Circuit after widespread outrage over a veteran jurists decision to have a 13-year-old girl handcuffed in his courtroom. Violence against women is a universal scourge, and one that takes many forms according to the local, social, cultural, and political environment. I AK Statutes 11.41.110. The Elements of a Crime of Passion Posted on March 2, 2023 by Constitutional Nobody. [106][107] Both third-degree murder and third-degree murder of an unborn child are punishable by a maximum of 25 years' imprisonment. WebThe 2022 Florida Statutes (including 2022 Special Session A and 2023 Special Session B) 782.03 Excusable homicide.. Third-degree murder and third-degree murder of an unborn child are punishable by a maximum of 40 years' imprisonment. The advantage of removing premeditation is that it reduces proven murder to manslaughter, which carries no death sentence and has a shorter jail term. In this case, the offender can receive the death penalty. Murder of the first degree. [21] Under this system, second-degree murder is any other premeditated murder.[22]. A sudden passion is described as a state of mind caused by and growing out of a trigger with the victim; occurring in the middle of a fight and not dependent on a previous fight, according to the Indian Penal Code, 1860. If, however, the victim is a federal official, an ambassador, consul or other foreign official under the protection of the United States, or if the crime took place on federal property or involved crossing state borders, or in a manner that substantially affects interstate commerce or national security, then the federal government also has jurisdiction. No states allow crimes of passion. They simply use the emotional state of the individual who committed the crime as a potential mitigation. And tha WebEvery person convicted of a classified felony shall be punished as follows: (a) For a class A felony, by imprisonment in a state correctional institution for a maximum term fixed by the court of not less than twenty years, or by a fine in an amount fixed by the court of not more than fifty thousand dollars, or by both such imprisonment and fine; Andrew Solender. ID Statutes 18-4003. "[111] There are also parallel crimes of first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree murder of an unborn child. Rep. Pramila Jayapal, a Washington Democrat, is deeply disappointed in Bidens decision. The police came and were aware of the fact of a love triangle on the internet. Historically, such defences were employed as complete defences for a variety of violent crimes, but they gradually were largely utilised as a partial defence to a murder accusation; if the court accepted temporary insanity, a murder charge may be reduced to manslaughter. NE Rev Stat 28-304 (2017). NH Statutes 630:1-b. (a) A person commits criminal homicide if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence causes the death of an individual. The most common separates murder into two degrees (first- and second-degree murder), and treats voluntary and involuntary manslaughter as separate crimes that do not constitute murder. JustIfIcatIons for BIas crIme Laws A variety of justifications have been offered for bias crime laws (Dillof 1997; Hurd and Moore 2004). Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg has been blasted for the citys high level of recidivism. "Statistical Abstract of the United States", "Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties, 2002", "Nebraska Bans Death Penalty, Defying a Veto", "The Death Penalty in 2019: Year End Report", "18 U.S. Code 1841 Protection of unborn children", "U.S. Code: Title 18 Crimes and Criminal Procedure", "Koon v. United States, 518 US 81, 116 S. Ct. 2035, 135 L. Ed. Degrees of murder; penalties. Murder in the second degree. 18 PA Cons Stat 2502(c). Murder in the second degree. The Model Penal Code classifies homicides differently, without degrees. Murder in the first degree. Some of these incidents resulted in a two-year prison sentence for the killer in the nineteenth century. The 3 strikes law is only really enacted in the United States. Premeditated crime is a long-term planned murder. States have adopted several different systems for classifying murders by degree. With the widespread adoption of laws protecting unborn life, the assailant could be charged with that offense, but the penalty was often only a fine and a few days in jail. Premeditated crimes have been committed with malicious intentions. AR Code 5-10-102. Murder in the second degree. [14] By 1953 three statesnamely Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsinhad further created the subcategory of third-degree murder.[15]. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 1. His daughter became aware of the chat and affair of her father, and she alerted her mother. Deliberate homicide. In the state of Massachusetts, a conviction of first-degree murder can result in life imprisonment, while voluntary manslaughter carries a lesser 20 year prison sentence. Recently, the Supreme Court, in the McGirt decision, reaffirmed that major crimes within the reservation boundaries of Native American tribes, for which a tribal member is suspected, must be investigated and prosecuted by the federal, not state, government. Boston is continuing to report falling trends for several key COVID metrics, an encouraging sign as state health officials on Thursday reported a 13% drop in new virus cases. If a person kills someone with the purpose to kill but does so in a state of anger or in a sudden argument, he will be charged with culpable homicide not amounting to murder. The punishment was life imprisonment given by the Delhi High Court. NY PEN 125.27. The state of mind (2) A crime which is a less serious type of criminal homicide under subch. WebThe concept of justifiable homicide in criminal law is a defense to culpable homicide (criminal or negligent homicide). Murder of the first degree. Murder in the second degree. When she discloses her actual name, Jessi, a softball player in high school whose age is 18, She began to show him her pictures. Jessi, on the other hand, was having a connection with Montgomery as well. When police monitoring the neighbourhood noticed smoke rising from the restaurant, they went to investigate the possible fire. The state of Hawaii has no death penalty. Murder-Degrees defined. WebTYPES OF CRIMINAL HOMICIDE. I am aware of no state which exonerates an otherwise criminal act because it was done in passion. Proving that a criminal act was done in passion m DC Code 222101. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Congratulations! Subsection (c) of that statute specifically prohibits prosecutions related to consented abortions and medical treatments. Jan. 1, 1974. Drug delivery resulting in death", "RCW 9A.32.030: Murder in the first degree", "RCW 9A.32.040: Murder in the first degree Sentence", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_in_United_States_law&oldid=1137557678, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A public safety official, such as a police officer, firefighter, or paramedic/EMT killed, A judge or prosecutor killed (in connection with their respective duties), A witness in a criminal case killed (in connection with the person being a witness), Murder committed for hire (with the charge applying to both the murderer and the person who paid the murderer), Murder committed under organized crime (refer to RICO act), first degree: premeditated killing (punished by life imprisonment), second-degree murder was further divided into two kinds, killing while committing a felony (punished by 7 to 14 years' imprisonment), killing with an extremely reckless state of mind (punished by life imprisonment), third degree: assisting suicide, killing of an unborn child, and other acts of that nature (punished by 3 to 10 years' imprisonment), fourth degree: killing in the heat of passion, killing while committing a misdemeanour (punished by 1 to 7 years' imprisonment), fifth degree: "every other killing" that is not justifiable (punished by a maximum fine of $1,000, up to 10 years' imprisonment, or some combination of these), This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 07:32. [110], Pennsylvania law defines third-degree murder as a murder which is neither a first-degree murder ("criminal homicide committed by an intentional killing") nor a second-degree murder ("committed while defendant was engaged as a principal or an accomplice in the perpetration of a felony"). NV Rev Stat 200.030. 775.082. States have had habitual offender laws and recidivist statutes for years. 125.25 Murder in the second-degree", "Alabama Code Title 13A (Criminal Code), Chapter 6 (Offences Involving Danger to the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "Alaska Statutes Title 11 (Criminal Law), Chapter 41 (Offenses Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "American Samoa Code Annotated, Title 46 (Criminal Justice), Chapter 35 (Offenses Against the Person)", "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 13 (Criminal Code), Chapter 11 (Homicide)", "Arkansas Code Title 5 (Criminal Offenses), Subtitle 2 (Offenses Against The Person), Chapter 10 (Homicide)", "California Penal Code, Part 1 (Of Crimes and Punishments), Title 8 (Offenses Against the Person), Chapter 1 (Homicide)", "Colorado Revised Statutes, Title 18 (Criminal Code), Article 3 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 1 (Homicide and Related Offenses)", "Connecticut General Statutes, Title 53a (Penal Code), Chapter 952 (Penal Code: Offenses), Part VI (Homicide)", "Delaware Code, Title 11 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure), Chapter 5 (Specific Offenses), Subchapter II (Offenses Against the Person), Part B (Acts Causing Death)", "Code of the District of Columbia, Title 22 (Criminal Offenses and Penalties), Chapter 21 (Murder; Manslaughter)", "Florida Statutes 2017, Title XLVI (Crimes), Chapter 782 (Homicide)", "Georgia Code, Title 16 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 5 (Crimes Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "Guam Code Annotated, Title 9 (Crimes & Corrections), Chapter 16 (Criminal Homicide)", "Hawaii Revised Statutes, Division 5 (Crimes and Criminal Proceedings), Title 37 (Hawaii Penal Code), Chapter 707 (Offenses Against the Person), Part II (Criminal Homicide)", "Idaho Statutes, Title 18 (Crimes and Punishments), Chapter 40 (Homicide)", "(720 ILCS 5/) Criminal Code of 2012, Title III (Specific Offenses), Part B (Offenses Directed Against the Person), Article 9 (Homicide)", "Indiana Code, Title 35 (Criminal Law and Procedure), Article 42 (Offenses Against the Person), Chapter 1 (Homicide)", "Iowa Code 2018, Title XVI (Criminal Law and Procedure), Chapter 707 (Homicide and Related Crimes)", "Kansas Statutes, Chapter 21 (Crimes and Punishments), Article 54 (Crimes Against Persons)", "2017 Kentucky Code, Title L (Kentucky Penal Code), Chapter 507 (Criminal Homicide)", "Louisiana Revised Statutes, Title 14 (Criminal Law), Part II (Offenses Against the Person), Subpart A (Homicide)", "Maine Revised Statutes, Title 17-A (Maine Criminal Code), Chapter 9 (Offenses Against the Person)", "2016 Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 2 (Homicide), Subtitle 2 (Murder and Manslaughter)", "Massachusetts General Laws, Part IV (Crimes, Punishments and Proceedings in Criminal Cases), Title I (Crimes and Punishments), Chapter 265 (Crimes Against the Person), Section 1 (Murder Defined)", "Michigan Compiled Laws, Chapter 750 (Michigan Penal Code), Chapter XLV (Homicide)", "2017 Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 609 (Criminal Code)", "2016 Mississippi Code, Title 97 (Crimes), Chapter 3 (Crimes Against the Person)", "Missouri Revised Statutes, Title XXXVII (Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders), Chapter 565 (Offenses Against the Person)", "Montana Code Annotated 2017, Title 45 (Crimes), Chapter 5 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 1 (Homicide)", "2017 Nebraska Revised Statutes, Chapter 28 (Crimes and Punishments)", "Nevada Revised Statutes, Title 15 (Crimes and Punishments), Chapter 200 (Crimes Against the Person), Part 1 (Homicide)", "New Hampshire Statutes, Title LXII (Criminal Code), Chapter 630 (Homicide)", "New Jersey Statutes, Title 2A (The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice), Chapter 11", "2016 New Mexico Statutes, Chapter 30 (Criminal Offenses), Article 2 (Homicide)", "New York Penal Code, Part 3 (Specific Offenses), Title H (Offenses Against the Person Involving Physical Injury, Sexual Conduct, Restraint and Intimidation), Article 125 (Homicide, Abortion and Related Offenses)", "North Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 14 (Criminal Law)", "North Dakota Code, Title 12.1 (Criminal Code), Chapter 12.1-16 (Homicide)", "Commonwealth Code, Title 6 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure), Division 1 (Crimes Against the Person), Chapter 1 (Homicide)", "Oklahoma Statutes 2017, Title 21 (Crimes and Punishments)", "2017 Oregon Revised Statutes, Volume 04 (Criminal Procedure, Crimes), Chapter 163 (Offenses Against Persons)", "Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses), Article B (Offenses Involving Danger to the Person), Chapter 25 (Criminal Homicide)", "Rhode Island General Laws, Title 11 (Criminal Offenses), Chapter 11-23 (Homicide)", "South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 16 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 3 (Offenses Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "South Dakota Codified Laws, Title 22 (Crimes), Chapter 22-16 (Homicide and Suicide)", "2016 Tennessee Code, Title 39 (Criminal Offenses), Chapter 13 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 2 (Criminal Homicide)", "Texas Penal Code, Title 5 (Offenses Against the Person), Chapter 19 (Criminal Homicide)", "Utah Code, Title 76 (Utah Criminal Code), Chapter 5 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 2 (Criminal Homicide)", "2017 Vermont Statutes, Title 13 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure), Chapter 53 (Homicide)", "Code of Virginia, Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 4 (Crimes Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "Revised Code of Washington, Title 9A (Washington Criminal Code), Chapter 9A.32 (Homicide)", "West Virginia Code, Chapter 61 (Crimes and Their Punishment), Article 2 (Crimes Against the Person)", "Wisconsin Statutes, Chapter 940 (Crimes Against Life and Bodily Security), Subchapter 1 (Life)", "2016 Wyoming Code, Title 6 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 2 (Offenses Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "President Bush Signs Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004", "13-1105 First-degree murder; classification", "Florida Statutes, Sec.