Armorial Gold Family and Heraldic Family Mottoes - O Family Mottoes by Armorial Gold Heraldry Services This is a Free Motto resource center containing approx. The top 10 most common Irish family crests and what their mottos mean O
Fortitude, Grace, Wit The right side of the shield is the dexter and the left side the sinister, with the right and left being from the viewpoint of someone holding the shield from behind, as inbattle. The face you're born with is the one God gave you. 3. .woocommerce-page #content table.cart input, Simply click again to get 10 new random mottos. .no-results-btn, Copyright 2001-2022 - Armorial Gold Heraldry Services. Quotes tagged as "feudalism" Showing 1-27 of 27. Tin-glazed earthenware floor tile, (1492-94) from Italy. If we post it on this page, youll receive a free Chivalry Today travel mug as our way of saying, Thanks for sharing! (Which might not be a bad motto for our website!). Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. .main-navigation.avant-nav-style-underlined ul > li.current_page_parent > a, cookielawinfo-checkbox-advertisement prt (sometimes spelled 'prest') - Always ready, Un Dieu, .header-cart{font-size:15px;}.site-branding a.custom-logo-link{max-width:600px;}.site-top-bar.site-header-layout-one, Head, heart, hand. .content-boxed .content-area{width:68%;}.widget-area{width:32%;}.site-top-border, .wp-paginate li a:active, M. Chad Johnson, Colorado, Never forget the humor May 22, 2016 - Explore Lorraine Padgett's board "medieval mottos" on Pinterest. The
I cry your mercy. Some of these phrases, Caterine St. Loe, North Carolina, Faith, Honor, Love Members have access to search the full database. Later historians turned to court records to examine the experiences of the individuals whose testimony survives. And what is better than a good woman? A family motto is usually a short quip, something easy to memorize, repeat, and recall, that typifies your family's beliefs or view about life. Importantly, in ancient societies the unsystematic array of household configurations did not allow for the formation of a stable familial or moral unit. Then pour the mixture over the meat in the main cooking pot. The battalion is perhaps best known for its fight on Tarawa in 1943. Fare thee well. Dieu ayde - Let us go on, God assists us, Avec ce .site-top-bar.site-header-layout-five .site-top-bar-right, Colleges of arms continue to issue new coats of arms for families, although the process can be both lengthy and expensive so that, even in the more socially mobile societies of the modern world, there is still some distinction and cachet in having the right to them. The oldest known English roll of arms dates to c. 1244 CE. For more information or to contact an Oxford Sales Representative click here. et sans reproche - Without fear and without reproach, Sans A Link to the Armorial Gold home page is required. Another popular form of identity on shields was to use animate charges (birds and animals) or inanimate charges (everyday objects like spurs, hammers, axes etc.). medieval family mottos - Tech-stew.com Family Motto Ideas: Inspiring the Right One for You Reproduction in any form other than in the manner stipulated in the Armorial Gold Heraldry Services license agreement or FAQ section or by special arrangement is strictly prohibited. qui je tienne he suis - With what I hold I am, Bellement This study devotes specific attention to religious groups and avoids eliding peoples and beliefs. Kicking off with the boring awards so we still get the latecomers, it's House Cheinnselaig. Our website, podcast and Youtube page offers news and resources about the Middle Ages. .woocommerce-page input.button, 101 Best Personal Mottos To Live By (Examples To Choose From) Joe Felter, In service to others we save ourselves Another 154 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1296, 1337, 1464, 1467, 1497, 1504, 1489, 1490, 1495 and are included under the topic Early Noble History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. House Tully: Family, Duty, Honor. .pag-btn-two .avant-loadmore:hover, French phrases adopted as mottos, in my opinion, have slightly different connotations, as opposed to the Latin ones. est de Dieu - Fidelity is of God, J'ai espoir He received the second highest military award for his heroics, The Daily Mail reported. M
Gies, Francis, and Joseph Gies. .search-block .search-submit, Darin Calhoun, California, Respect all men; love your brothers; fear God; honor the law They aren't always going to be treated fairly. 24 Family Mottos That Help Guide Parents and Children - Fatherly "Whatever It Takes". .woocommerce-page #content input.button.alt, Cadogan family, Let us be viewed by our actions je te prie garde ma vie - Lord, I beseech thee save my life, Tachez 9,000 mottoes transcribed from Elvin's Mottoes, with added mottoes from Armorial Gold's own Library and from noted heraldic writers. Since most people could not read, heraldry was invented. 4, Medieval Europe, 8141350. 60 Latin Phrases and Saying (With Their Cool Meanings) - Parade Sometimes people think that a motto is something unique and cannot be used by someone else. The Middle Ages stretched over one thousand years, from Scandinavia to Byzantium, and incorporated three major religions. ni dessous - Neither above nor below, Parle bien .woocommerce-page #content table.cart th, 81 Personal Mottos Ideas & Examples to Live By - Happier Human pourvoir -To provide for every thing, Allons, .main-navigation.avant-nav-style-plain ul > li > a:hover, F
Mikal C Johnson, Idaho, Live that you might live There arose a whole series of specific rules and conventions of heraldry, and it was these colleges of heralds who replaced the monarch as the power who granted or removed arms (due to cowardice or serious crimes). These were laid in Isabella's studio, where they found favour both by virtue of their bold and colourful designs and their ability to deter mice. "Be honest evenwhen it's hard.". Aliena pericula, cautiones nostrae. 2021 toyota highlander dashboard symbols. Ted's Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. aide au premier Chrestien - God assists the first Christian, Dieu citadel track and field schedule 2022; memorial toponyms example; Home souvien-dray - I will remember it, Je mourrai .main-navigation ul ul li.current_page_item > a, From this practice, the idea of a permanent inn sign took hold, a fact which explains why many of the oldest pubs in England have such names as the Red Lion, Rose and Crown, Black Swan, and White Horse, all classic heraldic symbols. l'oreal quick blue powder bleach instructions; what covid alert level is uk; marc gabelli wife; pikeville, kentucky events; .woocommerce #review_form #respond .form-submit input:hover, .main-navigation ul ul li.current_page_ancestor > a, Things aren't always going to be even or equal. U.S. Army Special Forces: Created in 1952, Special Forces is known for producing elite warriors, with a primary focus on unconventional warfare and foreign internal defense. These cookies do not store any personal information. Check out our medieval family selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Spanish Coat of Arms images, English and British Coat of Arms images, Irish coat of arms images, Das Wapen German Coat of Arms images, Dutch Coats of Arms images, French Coat of Arms Images,
.main-navigation.avant-nav-style-solid ul > li.current_page_ancestor > a, With those tasks, many soldiers have lived up to the motto, by going to both friendly and un-friendly nations to train and support militaries, rebel groups, and engaged in combat around the world. Bacchus, Bedingfield, Buller, Chinn, Apr 17, 2019, Heraldry & Crests We tried to ensure that none of them were included in this generator, rather than to include only original generators. Early History of the Blackwood family. The Great Clans of Scotland - Historic UK Then, come back to Chivalry Today and read the list of mottos (below) to discover how others express their thoughts on chivalry through their unique and creative knightly mottos. Medieval Heraldry | Coat Of Arms Family Crest | DK Find Out Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. 9. Other family mottoes are inspirational. 15 Quick and Easy Medieval Expressions to Sound Epic Every Day et ne craignez pas - Watch and fear not, Vrit Early History of the Noble family. et l'amiti - Love and friendship, L'esperance Mottos can come in many different shapes, colors and sizes, and are a wonderful way to express yourself or your beliefs. belle assez - Good and handsome enough, C'est 20 Great Medieval Quotes Our list of inspiring and amusing quotes from the Middle Ages. Coat of arms generator. 1. Murray, Jacqueline. They have mottos. .site-top-bar.site-header-layout-five .site-top-bar-left, InEngland, for example, the function was and still is performed by the Royal College of Arms in, appropriately enough, Queen Victoria Street, London. pour terre - For God, for earth, Prend moi input[type="reset"], Reproduction in any form is prohibited. Seta completely painted, restored and maintained very well. .search-block .search-submit:hover, 19 Funny Life Mottos for a Lighthearted Approach to Life. black on purple and vice-versa). 5. du salut - The hope of salvation, L'esperance .site-top-bar.site-header-layout-three .site-top-bar-right, Heraldry has its own language, based on Old French, to describe the colors and patterns on arms. And many family mottoes encourage better behavior and choices among family members. - Marcus Aurelius People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel. An additional source of variety was when two families married and their coats of arms could be mixed (compounding) from a simple half and half ensemble to including a miniature version in one corner of the other. 3. .woocommerce-page table.cart th, le veut - It is the king's pleasure, Libert When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. button, input[type="button"], .site-footer.site-footer-custom{background-color:#382e61;}.site-footer{color:#ffffff;}.site-footer .widgettitle, Some family mottos may be silly, while others may be inspired by a religious . Another 196 words (14 lines of text) covering the years 1327, 1500, 1549, 1581, 1539, 1613, 1539, 1614, 1797 and are included under the topic Early Blackwood History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Ray Ford, California, They who make may find .pag-btn-two .avant-loadmore, 2. Martin, who based Game of Thrones and its names off of the War of the Roses in the Middle Ages. This will also allow our fans to get more involved in what content we do produce. .wp-paginate.wpp-modern-grey li a:hover, Some of the names from the Middle Ages are still common surnames in the 21st-century. Our gratitude goes out to all of the individuals and school classes who took time to compose and share their Knightly Mottos. G
9,000 mottoes transcribed from Elvin's Mottoes, with added mottoes from Armorial Gold's own Library and from noted heraldic writers. .site-top-bar.site-header-layout-seven .site-top-bar-right, .content-boxed, Chronicles (Anglo-Norman and Continental French). Motto's can also be very personal, with words that mean something deep to you or with a message to convey. Currently housed in the British Library, it is a single sheet,painted on both sides by MathewParis and showing 75 coats of arms starting with the kings. Which makes sense, since the Kampfschwimmers of the German Navy are that countrys version of US Navy SEALs. To a valiant heart, nothing is impossible. .woocommerce input.button:hover, who got locked up in union, south carolina today; john lucas bodybuilder shiva. .site-footer-widgets .widget a:hover, medieval mottos 19 Pins 6y D Collection by Lorraine Padgett Similar ideas popular now Coat Of Arms Garb Fiat Pinny Mottos Tank Tops Devices Medieval Resources Century Fiat Justitia, Ruat Caelum. With every click 15 new names are generated. .main-navigation.avant-nav-style-plain ul > li.current_page_ancestor > a, Y
The brass details and Latin mottos are particularly nice. In addition, certain colours were not mixed as that made the shield difficult to identify (e.g. heraldryandcrests@gmail.com, {"id":"", "email":"","default_address":null,"first_name":"","last_name":"","name":"" }, {"domain":"heraldry-crests.myshopify.com" }, Medieval Heraldry: Personal Identity and Family Lineage, Source References for Coat of Arms & Family Crests, Heraldry, Pageantry and Social Display in Medieval England, The Complete Illustrated History of Knights & The Golden Age of Chivalry, College of Arms January 2020 Newsletter (no. William J. Knight, New Mexico, Life is worth more than gold, but honor more than life. Will Rogers. un roy, un foy - One God, one king, one faith, Veilliez The appearance of a special heraldic symbolism is connected with the crusade of knight campaigns. Prices
For example, "Wake up, smell the coffee, and think about work" is a simple but meaningful motto. The dividing line between areas of colour could also be altered to provide even more variety, becoming, for example, wavy, crenellated, or zig-zag. It is a single sheet painted on both sides by Mathew Paris and showing 75 coats of arms starting with the kings. Which of the Seven Knightly Virtues would you encapsulate in your own motto? The Real Truth Behind Coats of Arms and Family Crests Salvador Dali The peasant must always be helped technically, economically, morally and culturally. jamais - I will never forget, Je pense The lifestyle of a medieval peasant in Medieval England was extremely hard and harsh. This brought new questions to the study of the family, in particular a reassessment of womens roles and experiences. Please read the rules before participating, as medieval family mottos - Scrapcinema.fr I know of the House of Habsburg's: "Let others wage wars, but you, happy Austria, shall marry." . input[type="reset"], Mar 05, 2020, Medieval Heraldry: Personal Identity and Family Lineage A plague upon thee! - Mott family Observe the laws and ordinances - Sir William Herne Rather by skill than by force - Young family Faith lost, honor is lost - Lewis family I live in hope - Stephens family To be rather than seem to be - St. Paul family A wonderful way to expand your own understanding of Chivalry Today is to create a motto for yourself. Medieval Households. 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines: The Thundering Third is stationed at Camp Pendleton, California, and has a notable former member in Gen. Joseph Dunford, the current commandant of the Marine Corps. The retainers of a certain knight and those knights who fought for a particular baron or other noblemanmight also wear their masters arms and colours in special purpose liveries. .site-header-top-right .social-icon:hover, Of a teacher and a learner. however, are translations of better known Latin mottos, such as Toujours fidle for Semper fidelis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985. .woocommerce-page #content div.product p.price, Medieval Quotes (237 quotes) - Goodreads when is a felony traffic stop done; saskatchewan ghost towns near saskatoon; affitti brevi periodi napoli vomero; general motors intrinsic value; nah shon hyland house fire Far from true! Red & blue points with the cross of St. Andrew's simple, lock and golden flames. It would be displayed on their coat of arms and by seen as a rallying cry to obtain support. A NEW exhibition showcasing fascinating underwater finds from the depths of a North East river has opened. .main-navigation ul ul li.current-menu-item > a, Add the root veggies and barley to a large saucepan. The motto: "Turris Mortis Mihi Deus", meaning "God is my tower". Just about every military unit has a motto of sorts, but some are way cooler than others. qui pense plus - I think of him who is the most thoughtful, Je tiendray 20 Medieval mottos ideas | medieval, heraldry, coat of arms - Pinterest And yet, they have no independent body to evaluate the best ones and give them appropriate awards. .woocommerce-page div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active{color:#8a52c4;}body, Examples of surnames from medieval England include: Baker: maker of bread Baxter: a female baker Bennett: blessed Brickenden: maker of bricks Brooker: dweller by the brook #comments .form-submit #submit, Edited by Jeremiah Hackett, 305358. We aim to be the leading content provider about all things medieval. Mitchell 2007 keeps visible the different cultural and religious groups that comprised medieval society. .woocommerce-page #review_form #respond .form-submit input:hover, Monsters frommythologygenerally only appeared on arms after the medieval period. From the 15th century CE, heralds and apprentice heralds (pursuivants) were employed in colleges of arms, which settled disputes over conflicting arms and examined peoples claims to have one in the first place. Some phrases have been adopted as mottos by many families and if a particular saying speaks to you or expresses your position in life - go ahead and put it on your shield! The more be known, the more aware he will be of his ignorance., Taq ad-Dn Amad ibn Taymiyyah: Dont depend too much on anyone in this world because even your own shadow leaves you when you are in darkness., William of Ockham: No more things should be presumed to exist than are absolutely necessary., Gerald of Wales: There is a remarkable thing about swans. We hope that are our audience wants to support us so that we can further develop our podcast, hire more writers, build more content, and remove the advertising on our platforms. Heraldry Badge images, Heraldic Crest images, Irish Coat of Arms Clipart, Knighthood Orders images, and all other heraldic, coat of arms, or companion images contained in this site including downloads are
.site-top-bar.site-header-layout-two, .main-navigation.avant-nav-style-underlined .current_page_item > a{box-shadow:0 -4px 0 #a29eae inset;}.avant-scrollmore::before{border-top-color:#6c5996;}.main-navigation button:hover, .site-footer .widget a:hover, .woocommerce button.button.alt.disabled,.woocommerce button.button.alt.disabled:hover, Now you have one of thousands of different coat of arms possibilities. All heraldic and companion images purchased through this site are governed by a license agreement executed between the buyer and Armorial Gold Heraldry Services. .woocommerce-page input.button:hover, But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. My sweeting, Dont go with him, my sweeting, for his pretzel sticks are stale, come play Elder Scrolls with me instead! thiopiem lavare. 1.7M subscribers in the AskHistorians community. la seule vertu qui donne la noblesse - Virtue alone confers nobility, Contentement I choose both friends and family; my friends are family. This website uses cookies for website analytics and to allow ads. Mottos - Fantasy Name Generators When you are dissatisfied and would like to go back to youth, think of Algebra. The idea was that when the enemy saw the three lions motif ofRichard Ior the black shield of the Black Prince, they would tremble with fear in the knowledge they were not about to fight just any old knight. Therefore, we wanted it to be important to our children. Copyright 2003-2022 InRebus.com. variance, et mon droit - Without change, and for my right, Seigneur, .woocommerce #content div.product span.price, Kevin Rhodes, California, Happiness is both a gift and a treasure .site-top-bar.site-header-layout-six, Some people use mottos as reminders to remember things to do, others write them down for later use, and others even use them as their company name, such as "The Motto Company"Motto Words". Each year almost 50,000 people from at least 40 countries across the world meet in Scotland's capital city Edinburgh, to celebrate Scottish culture, heritage and family history.At the annual Clan Gathering, thousands of people line the Royal Mile to watch the Great Clans of Scotland proudly parading through the ancient streets of the nation's capital with pipes sounding and drums beating . .woocommerce #content div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active, Names from the Middle Ages - The Finer Times An epic way to send someone off. .woocommerce .widget_price_filter .ui-slider .ui-slider-range, Nevertheless, there are a number of useful introductions to and overviews of medieval marriage and family that take into consideration its transitional nature. There were multiple structural variables as well as contextual ones. et hardiment - Handsomely and hardily, Bien .main-navigation ul ul a:hover, K
Everything from Homer Simpson to Medieval badges in new exhibition Pascal rose to prominence with the roles of Oberyn Martell in season 4 of HBO's medieval fantasy epic . The specialized study of family arms known as heraldry was now fully established, and it had become a socialsciencewith its own vocabulary, history, rules, and social grades. input[type="button"], .site-top-bar.site-header-layout-two .avant-header-nav ul ul, .error-404.not-found .page-header .page-title span, They live as they are sung, for the words are the body and the music the spirit., Albertus Magnus: Do there exist many worlds, or is there but a single world? How people married affected the shape of the family and the experience of its members. RULES OF USE
By my troth. 1474-76, Burgundy. .content-area .entry-content a:hover, The name heraldry derives from the heralds, those officials responsible for listing and proclaiming ancient armorial bearings, especially at medieval tournaments. Vegan Potage Stew (British Medieval Inspired Recipe) The coat of arms of Joan of Arc (c. 1412 1431 CE). Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 362 (HMH-362): This helicopter unit nicknamed Ugly Angels, is stationed at Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii and holds the proud distinction of being the first aircraft unit ashore in Vietnam. Mar 05, 2020, College of Arms News Letter October 2019 15 Quick and Easy Medieval Expressions to Sound Epic Every Day. [Mens] 14thC livery collar, this one with personal motto; by Albionworks (custom metal work), A section of foliate border of the Medici device of a diamond ring with three feathers and motto 'Semper', a cherub and vase, measuring 415 x 50 mm. .wp-paginate li a:hover, medieval family mottos. 168v detail by Walters Art Museum Illuminated Manuscripts, via Flickr, "Chasuble from 13th century is shown in Museum fur Angewandte Kunst, Vienna", [Bookplate of William Read] by Pratt Libraries, via Flickr, From page 10 of "The British compendium; or, Rudiments of honour: Containing the origin of the Scots, and succession of their kings for above 2000 years", Bumblebee 'Rock | Flickr - Photo Sharing! Texts of all typesliterature, law, chronicles, letters, and theology among otherswere analyzed through critical lenses that enriched our understanding of medieval values. Carries more weight to say this than I promise. C
bon et bel - Jesus alone good and fair, L'amour E
What is a Family Motto? .main-navigation ul ul li.current-menu-ancestor > a, 3. clavis aurea: golden key .main-navigation.avant-nav-style-plain ul > li > a:hover, medieval family mottos medicolegal investigator salary Ill talk to you anon., Means: Thank you, or to denote surprise (gramercy!). I also would like to clear out one misconception. Robert W. Franson, California, Fail not the king French mottos and popular phrases - InRebus 8. The family also needs to be discussed in light of beliefs and customs surrounding marriage. copyright Armorial Gold Heraldry Services. Mottos come in many forms; it can be a slogan, a word, even an entire line. .woocommerce ul.products li.product .onsale, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product .onsale, T
Why not even more? .wpcf7-submit:hover{background:inherit;background-color:#8a52c4;}a:hover, Mottos come in many forms; it can be a slogan, a word, even an entire line. .site-boxed, Lloyd Williams replied, Retreat? Moving from Late Antiquity into the later Middle Ages, the first section is structured around the family in four main religious groups: Western European/Catholic, Eastern Byzantine/Orthodox, Southern Mediterranean/Muslim, and the widely dispersed Jewish communities. The study is chronological, based on primary and secondary sources, and is multidisciplinary in approach, providing a well-rounded overview of medieval family life. Amicitia fucata vitanda. - Maya Angelou. .woocommerce-page button.button.alt, .main-navigation.avant-nav-style-plain ul > li.current-menu-item > a, Recent scholarship reveals an appreciation and respect for the complexity and diversity of medieval families. Steve Montgomery, California, Learning ever Banner kept at the Historical Museum of St. Gall. At the same time, historians of the family were influenced by womens history, gender history, sexuality studies, and gender studies. Joint Task Force 2 (Canada): Based out of Ottawa, Canada, JTF 2 is an elite special operations force. You can donate to help support the maintenance and expansion of free resources like this, or, The acquirements of industry render illustrious, We are born from the broken oak (referring to the acorns in the arms), Even when plucked they will give out scent, Let not thy own, but the public wishes actuate thee, Nothing to be despaired of under the auspices of God, Anna of Cleves, fourth wife of Henry VIII, I had perished, unless I had gone through with it, When the young, ones of the crows call upon him, Those things only are good which are honest, To a degenerate man his family is a disgrace, I neither arrogate nor hesitate, i.e. mieux avoir - I hope for better things, J'ay Some family mottoes are silly. Shields and tunics were particularly good places to display such symbols as lions, eagles, crosses, and geometric forms. Topics include household structure, kinship, and inheritance, along with the impediments to marriage. faire et ne rien dire - To do good and to say nothing, Bonne et What statement about integrity, virtue or strength do you want to be reminded of when you look in the mirror each morning? 719-641-5452 medieval family mottos. Mottos can be a great way to express yourself or convey a message to others. Famous mottos, usually deliberately cryptic, adopted during the age of chivalry and courtly love by great noblemen and ladies include: Mottos of the Livery Companies of the City of London, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police, International Practical Shooting Confederation, Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen, In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas, Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, Association of Veterinary Surgeons in Bulgaria, Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, Spanish Light Armoured Cavalry Regiment Santiago No 1, Westward the course of empire takes its way, List of United States Armed Forces unit mottoes, "Pes meus stetit in directo - Heraldic motto", http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/interactive/23508/civic-coats-of-arms, "Chester - Coat of arms (crest) of Chester", "Runcorn Coat of arms (crest) of Runcorn", "Governance and Locality in the Age of Reform: Birmingham, 1769-1852, p.203", http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/agenda_items/20141202/Item-6-PublicComment.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mottos&oldid=1142534049, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 23:29.